SUMMA DÆMONICA BIBLIOGRAFIA

VIANO 2016 1SDB2019

Maurizio Viano

The Reception of Sumerian Literature in the Western Periphery

Venezia. Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing, 2016

427 p. (pdf.)

Abstract

This book investigates the transmission of Sumerian literature to Syria and Anatolia (i.e. the Western periphery) during the Late Bronze Age. Sumerian is the most ancient language so far documented and remained for about three millennia the language of culture in Mesopotamia for its association with scribal education. With the end of the Old Babylonian period, Sumerian literary and lexical texts were disseminated to regions outside Mesopotamia. The volume, however, is not limited to the documentation stemming from peripheral sites but also includes a comprehensive study of contemporary Mesopotamian sources, i.e. Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian. Sumerian literature is best known through the Old Babylonian texts, to which countless studies were dedicated, while the subsequent period is poorly known and has been neglected by scholars for the scarcity of sources. Nevertheless, the Late Bronze Age is extremely important for the Sumerian literature because the process of selection and modification of texts that ended up in the first millennium canonization started in this period. Therefore, this book aims at filling a gap in our comprehension of the history of Sumerian literature. The primary objective of this book is the identification of the tradition of texts discovered in the Western periphery in comparison with second and first millennium Mesopotamian sources. The subject has been approached from different perspectives, taking into account philological, cultural, and historical aspects.

Table of contents

Abbreviations 17

Bibliographical Abbreviations 17

Philological Abbreviations 21

Introduction 23

1 Middle Babylonian Sumerian Literary, Liturgical and Magical Texts 33

1.1 Text Analysis 37

1.1.1 Divine Narratives 37

1.1.1.1 Enlil and Ninlil 37

1.1.1.2 Enlil and Sud 41

1.1.1.3 Inana and An 42

1.1.1.4 Inana’s Descent to the Netherworld 42

1.1.1.5 Lugal-e 43

1.1.1.6 Angim 43

1.1.2 Royal Narratives 44

1.1.2.1 Sargon and Ur-Zababa 44

1.1.3 Royal Praise Poems 45

1.1.3.1 Šulgi B 45

1.1.3.2 Šulgi O 46

1.1.3.3 Hymn to Šulgi – PBS 1/1 11 47

1.1.3.4 Lipit-Ištar A 49

1.1.3.5 Lipit-Ištar and the Plow – Lipit-Ištar F 50

1.1.3.6 Praise Poem of Ḫammu-rābi 52

1.1.4 Divine Praise Poems 53

1.1.4.1 Enlil A 53

1.1.4.2 Inana C 54

1.1.5 Types of Songs 56

1.1.5.1 The Song of the Plowing Oxen 56

1.1.5.2 A Litigant’s Prayer 56

1.1.6 Wisdom Texts 57

1.1.6.1 The Instructions of Šuruppak 57

1.1.6.2 The Instructions of Ur-Ninurta 58

1.1.6.3 Counsels of Wisdom 60

1.1.6.4 The Three Ox-Drivers from Adab 61

1.1.6.5 The Fowler and his Wife 62

1.1.7 Proverbs 63

1.1.7.1 CBS 8039 63

1.1.7.2 N 3395 63

1.1.7.3 N 3783 + N 5031 63

1.1.7.4 N 5447 64

1.1.7.5 UM 29-16-561 64

1.1.7.6 Ni 679 64

1.1.7.7 VAT 17353 64

1.1.7.8 MS 2065 65

1.1.7.9 MS 3310 65

1.1.7.10 MS 3323 65

1.1.8 Unidentified Literary Texts 66

1.1.8.1 3N-T 195 66

1.1.8.2 CBS 4615 66

1.1.8.3 CBS 13990 66

1.1.8.4 CBS 19831 66

1.1.8.5 N 3783 + N 5031 66

1.1.8.6 N 4529 66

1.1.8.7 UM 29-13-543 67

1.1.8.8 UM 29-15-944 67

1.1.8.9 UM 29-16-383 67

1.1.8.10 BM 81700 67

1.1.8.11 VAT 17223 67

1.1.8.12 VAT 17224 67

1.1.8.13 VAT 17357 67

1.1.8.14 VAT 17563 67

1.1.8.15 IM 13365 68

1.1.8.16 MS 3362 68

1.1.8.17 MS 3405 68

1.1.8.18 Unpublished Extract Tablets 68

1.1.9 Emesal Liturgies 69

1.1.9.1 Eršaḫuĝa to Enki – BM 78164 69

1.1.9.2 Balaĝ to Enlil 70

1.1.10 Incantations 71

1.1.10.1 Udug-ḫul Tablets VII-VIII 71

1.1.10.2 Incantation to Utu 73

1.1.10.3 Kiutu-incantation – HS 1512 75

1.1.10.4 BM 54692 76

1.1.11 Omina 76

1.1.11.1 UM 29-13-542 76

1.1.12 Royal Inscriptions 77

1.1.12.1 Kurigalzu’s Statue Inscription 77

1.2 The Middle Babylonian Sumerian Literary Tradition 78

2 Middle Assyrian Sumerian Literary, Liturgical and Magical Texts 87

2.1 Text Analysis 90

2.1.1 Divine Narratives 90

2.1.1.1 Lugal-e 90

2.1.1.2 Angim 95

2.1.1.3 The Creation of Mankind – KAR 4 97

2.1.2 Divine Praise Poems 99

2.1.2.1 Ninisina C – KAR 15 - KAR 16 99

2.1.2.2 Hymn to Ninurta – KAR 97 100

2.1.2.3 A Hymn to Ninurta with Ethical Instructions – KAR 119 102

2.1.3 Proverbs 103

2.1.3.1 KAR 103 103

2.1.3.2 VAT 10810 103

2.1.4 Emesal Liturgies 104

2.1.4.1 Balaĝ-prayer to Enlil – KAR 375 104

2.1.4.2 Ritual Eršemma(?) to Enlil dutu-gen7 e3-ta – KAR 9+ 107

2.1.5 Tukulti-Ninurta Texts 109

2.1.5.1 Prayer to Assur for Tukulti-Ninurta I 109

2.1.5.2 A Praise Poem of Tukulti-Ninurta I 112

2.1.6 Incantations 114

2.1.6.1 Udug-ḫul Tablet XIII-XV – KAR 24 (+) BM 130660 114

2.1.6.2 Kiutu Incantation for Bīt rimki ‘Third House’ – LKA 75 116

2.1.6.3 Incantation of the Mīs pî-ritual Tablet III – VAT 10038 119

2.1.6.4 Rm 376 119

2.1.6.5 KAR 91 120

2.1.6.6 YOS 11 74 121

2.1.6.7 KAR 333 121

2.1.7 Unidentified Texts 121

2.1.7.1 KAR 113 121

2.1.7.2 BM 121117 121

2.2 The Middle Assyrian Sumerian Literary Tradition 122

3 Corpora of Sumerian Literary Texts from the Western Periphery 131

3.1 The Corpus of Sumerian Literary Texts from Ḫattuša 131

3.2 The Corpus of Sumerian Literary Texts from Emar 135

3.3 The Corpus of Sumerian Literary Texts from Ugarit 137

4 Unorthographic Writings 141

4.1 List of Unorthographic Writings 147

4.1.1 Ḫattuša 147

4.1.1.1 Babylonian Script Tablets 147

4.1.1.2 Assyro-Mitannian Tablets 151

4.1.1.3 Hittite Script Tablets 152

4.1.2 Emar 155

4.1.2.1 Syrian and Syro-Hittite Script Tablets 155

4.1.3 Ugarit 159

4.1.3.1 Babylonian Script Tablets 159

4.1.3.2 Ugarit Script Tablets 160

4.2 Graphic Alterations 165

4.2.1 Homophony 165

4.2.2 Syllabification of Logograms 168

4.2.3 CvC-signs for Cv-C(v) – Cv-vC 172

4.2.4 Additional Vowels 173

4.2.5 Scriptio Plena 177

4.2.6 Additional Consonants 179

4.2.7 Analytic Writings 180

4.2.8 Bindings 180

4.2.9 Sandhi 183

4.2.10 Short Writings 183

4.3 Phonetic Alterations 186

4.3.1 Consonants 186

4.3.1.1 Stops 186

4.3.1.2 Nasals 197

4.3.1.3 Trills and Laterals 204

4.3.1.4 Sibilants 204

4.3.2 Vowels 209

4.3.2.1 Alterations of a 209

4.3.2.2 Alterations of u 212

4.3.2.3 Alterations of e 213

4.3.2.4 Alterations of i 217

4.4 Other Alterations 221

4.5 Concluding Remarks 224

5 Sumerian Literary and Magical Texts from Ḫattuša 229

5.1 Babylonian Script Tablets 229

5.1.1 Monolingual Incantations – CTH 800 229

5.1.2 KBo 36 19 (CTH 812) 235

5.1.3 KBo 36 21 (CTH 801) 235

5.1.4 KBo 13 37 (CTH 813) 235

5.1.5 KBo 14 51 (CTH 813) 236

5.2 Assyro-Mitannian Script Tablets 237

5.2.1 Collection of Udug-ḫul Incantations – CTH 805.1 238

5.2.2 CTH 805.2-3 244

5.2.3 KUB 4 16 246

5.2.4 CTH 794 247

5.2.5 KUB 34 3 249

5.2.6 KUB 37 127 250

5.2.7 KUB 37 95 250

5.3 Hittite Script Tablets 250

5.3.1 The Hymn to Iškur-Adad ‒ CTH 314 251

5.3.2 The Message of Lu-diĝira to his Mother ‒ CTH 315 256

5.3.3 Edubba E – KUB 57 126 265

5.3.4 The Letter of Lugal-ibila to Lugal-nesaĝ 267

5.3.5 Nergal D – KUB 4 7 271

5.3.6 KUB 4 41 273

5.3.7 KUB 4 26 (+) HT 13 (+) KUB 37 112 273

5.3.8 Incantation to Utu – KUB 4 11 274

5.3.9 KUB 4 24 275

5.3.10 KUB 37 111 275

5.3.11 KBo 1 18 279

5.3.12 KUB 4 23 279

5.3.13 KUB 34 4 280

5.3.14 KBo 36 20 280

5.3.15 ABoT 1 43 280

5.3.16 KBo 36 17 280

5.3.17 KBo 19 98 280

5.3.18 KBo 36 24 281

5.3.19 KUB 4 10 281

5.4 Unplaceable Fragments 281

5.4.1 KUB 37 41 281

5.4.2 KUB 37 92 283

5.4.3 KBo 36 14 283

5.4.4 KBo 36 18 283

6 Sumerian Literary and Magical Texts from Emar 285

6.1 Syrian School Texts 285

6.1.1 A Prayer for a King – E 775 - RS 79.25 285

6.2 Syro-Hittite School Texts 298

6.2.1 The Ballad of Early Rulers 298

6.2.2 Enlil and Namzitarra 310

6.2.3 The Fowler ‒ E 768 - E 769 - E 770 313

6.2.4 The Letter of Sîn-iddinam to Utu – TBR 101 314

6.2.5 Unidentified Literary Text – E 776 316

6.2.6 Udug-ḫul Tablet III – E 729 316

6.2.7 Udug-ḫul Tablet IV – E 790 318

6.2.8 Tsukimoto Incantation - E 730 319

6.2.9 Saĝ-geg Incantation – E 732 321

6.2.10 Unidentified Udug-ḫul Incantation – E 731 321

6.2.11 E 733 – Msk 74107q 321

6.2.12 E 740 321

6.2.13 E 743 322

6.2.14 E 744 322

6.2.15 E 745 322

6.2.16 E 751 - E 752 - E 746 322

6.2.17 E 756 322

6.2.18 Bilingual Incantations – E 757 - E 763 - E 764 323

6.2.19 Phonetic Sumerian Incantations – E 734 - Msk 74148f 323

6.2.20 Fragments of Incantations 323

6.2.21 Unidentified Text – E 777 323

7 Sumerian Literary and Magical Texts from Ugarit 325

7.1 Babylonian Script Tablets 325

7.1.1 The Ballad of Early Rulers - Proverbs from Ugarit – RS 25.130 325

7.1.2 Hymn to Enki (?) – AuOrS 23 28 327

7.1.3 Collection of Incantations – AuOrS 23 25 327

7.1.4 Collection of Incantations – AuOrS 23 27 329

7.1.5 AuOrS 23 58 330

7.1.6 AuOrS 23 59 330

7.1.7 AuOrS 23 61 330

7.2 Hittite Script Tablets 330

7.2.1 The Message of Lu-diĝira to his Mother 331

7.3 Ugarit Script Tablets 331

7.3.1 A Prayer for a King – RS 79.25 331

7.3.2 The Ballad of Early Rulers – RS 23.34+ - RS 25.424 331

7.3.3 Enlil and Namzitarra – AuOrS 23 47 331

7.3.4 The Message of Lu-diĝira to his Mother 332

7.3.5 The Letter of Lugal-ibila to Lugal-nesaĝ 332

7.3.6 The Fox and the Hyena – RS 86.2210 332

7.3.7 Collection of Incantations – AuOrs 23 21 334

7.3.8 AuOrS 23 13 336

7.3.9 AuOrS 23 67 336

7.3.10 AuOrS 23 68 336

8 The Sumerian Literary Tradition at Ḫattuša 337

8.1 Literary Texts 337

8.2 Incantations 339

8.3 Tablet Format 343

8.4 Tradition and Reception 345

8.5 Archival Distribution 349

8.6 Concluding Remarks 359

9 The Sumerian Literary Tradition at Emar and Ugarit 361

9.1 Literary Texts 361

9.2 Incantations 365

9.3 Bilingual Texts 367

9.4 Tradition and Reception 368

9.5 Archival Distribution and Scribes 376

9.5.1 Emar 376

9.5.2 Ugarit 377

9.6 Concluding Remarks 379

10 Conclusions 381

Toward a History of Sumerian Literature in the Late Bronze Age

Bibliography 387

Index of Cuneiform Sources 405